Applying for a U.S. green card on your own might sound intimidating—but for many people, it’s completely doable. With a bit of research, organization, and attention to detail, you can navigate the green card process without hiring an attorney.
This guide explains how to file your own green card application without a lawyer, what documents you’ll need, which forms to complete, and how to avoid the most common mistakes.
Whether you’re applying through marriage, family sponsorship, or employment, this step-by-step approach can help you take control of your immigration journey.
Who Should Consider Filing Without a Lawyer?
Not everyone needs an attorney for the green card process. Many applicants can file successfully on their own, especially if their case is straightforward and doesn’t involve criminal history, visa overstays, or complicated family dynamics.
You may be a good candidate for self-filing if:
- You’re applying for a marriage-based or family-based green card
- You are currently in the U.S. and meet the criteria for adjustment of status
- You have no prior immigration violations or criminal record
- Your sponsoring relative or employer is cooperative and eligible
- You’re comfortable reading instructions and following details closely
If your situation is more complex, consulting with a lawyer—even just once—may still be a smart move.
Step 1: Determine Your Eligibility and Path
The first step is understanding which type of green card you’re eligible for. Common categories include:
- Marriage-Based: You’re married to a U.S. citizen or green card holder
- Family-Based: A parent, child, or sibling is sponsoring you
- Employment-Based: An employer is sponsoring your application
- Diversity Visa: You were selected in the green card lottery
- Humanitarian: You’re applying through asylum, refugee status, or special programs
Your green card path affects which forms to file and what evidence is required.
Step 2: Identify the Correct Forms
The green card application usually includes a combination of the following forms:
If You Are in the U.S. (Adjustment of Status):
- Form I-130 – Petition for Alien Relative (filed by your sponsor)
- Form I-485 – Application to Register Permanent Residence
- Form I-864 – Affidavit of Support
- Form I-765 – Work Permit Application (optional)
- Form I-131 – Travel Document (optional)
- Form I-693 – Medical Exam (submitted with or after I-485)
If You Are Outside the U.S. (Consular Processing):
- Your sponsor files Form I-130
- Once approved, you complete DS-260 through the National Visa Center (NVC)
- You attend an interview at a U.S. embassy or consulate
All forms must be current. Download them from the official USCIS website only.
Step 3: Gather Required Documents
Supporting documentation is critical. Depending on your case, you may need:
- Proof of identity (passport, birth certificate)
- Proof of lawful entry (I-94 record or visa stamp)
- Marriage certificate or proof of relationship
- Tax returns or pay stubs (for financial sponsorship)
- Divorce decrees or death certificates (if previously married)
- Certified translations (if documents are not in English)
Use a checklist and organize your documents by form to avoid confusion.
Step 4: Complete the Forms Carefully
This is where most self-filers get overwhelmed—but you don’t need to be.
Tips for completing USCIS forms:
- Type directly into the PDF or write in black ink, using all capital letters
- Don’t leave blank fields—write “N/A” or “None” where appropriate
- Double-check names, A-numbers, addresses, and dates
- Sign all forms where required
- Be honest. Lying on immigration forms can lead to denial or even removal
Download official instructions for each form. They provide line-by-line guidance and filing tips.
Step 5: Pay the Filing Fees
Each form requires a specific fee, payable by check, money order, or credit card (via Form G-1450). As of 2025, here are some common fees:
- I-130: $675
- I-485 (with biometrics): $1,440
- I-765 and I-131 (filed together): Free if applying with I-485
Always confirm current fees on uscis.gov. Overpaying or underpaying can cause your application to be rejected.
Step 6: Assemble and Mail Your Application
USCIS has specific guidelines for how to arrange your packet:
- Place forms in order: I-130 first, followed by I-485, I-864, etc.
- Attach supporting documents with labeled tabs or dividers
- Use paper clips or binder clips—never staples
- Include checks at the front
- Mail to the correct USCIS lockbox or service center based on your state
USCIS provides filing addresses for each form online. Send your packet with tracking and keep a copy of everything for your records.
Step 7: Track Your Case and Prepare for Next Steps
Once your application is received, you’ll get a Receipt Notice (Form I-797C) within 2–4 weeks.
After that:
- Biometrics appointment: Fingerprints and photos
- Request for Evidence (RFE): If documents are missing or unclear
- Interview: Required for most marriage-based and adjustment applicants
- Decision: Approval, denial, or request for more information
You can check your status online at uscis.gov/casestatus using your receipt number.
Real-World Example: Self-Filing for a Marriage Green Card
Ana, a U.S. citizen, and Pedro, who entered the U.S. on a student visa, got married in 2023. They couldn’t afford a lawyer but wanted to stay together legally. They used online resources and government instructions to complete their I-130, I-485, I-864, I-765, and I-131. Their green card interview was smooth, and Pedro was approved five months later.
They spent under $2,500 total—and gained peace of mind knowing they did it themselves.
FAQs: Filing Your Own Green Card Application
Q1: Is it legal to apply without a lawyer?
Yes. USCIS allows and even encourages self-filing for eligible applicants.
Q2: Can I still ask a lawyer questions if I self-file?
Yes. You can hire a lawyer for limited-scope help (called “unbundled services”) if you need help reviewing your packet.
Q3: What if I make a mistake?
If it’s minor, USCIS may issue a Request for Evidence. If it’s serious, they may reject or deny your application. Accuracy matters.
Q4: How long does the process take?
Processing times vary by case type and location, but most take between 8 and 18 months.
Q5: Can I work or travel while my green card is pending?
If you submit Forms I-765 and I-131 with your I-485, you can apply for a work and travel permit (EAD + Advance Parole).
Conclusion: You Can Do This—With the Right Tools
Filing your own green card application isn’t just possible—it’s often smart for people with straightforward cases. With careful planning, attention to detail, and the right support materials, you can save thousands of dollars and take control of your immigration journey.
Just remember: double-check every form, keep copies of everything, and follow all USCIS instructions carefully. Confidence comes from preparation—and you’re more prepared than you think.
